Calcium Polysulfide is fairly safe to handle out in the field. It is a non-toxic reagent that oxidizes under aerobic conditions to form calcium, elemental sulfur and sulfate. When introduced into the environment, Calcium Polysulfide breaks down to form bisulfide, aqueous hydrogen sulfide and other sulfur compounds. Heavy metal ions are precipitated as less soluble, less toxic metal sulfides by these breakdown products. Metal hydroxides change solubility with changes in pH, whereas metal sulfides remain insoluble within a wide pH range.
The US EPA has identified Calcium Polysulfide as a reagent suitable for use in in-situ chemical reduction (ISCR), stabilization and solidification of multiple contaminants. Several abstracts and studies are available through CLU-IN Technologies, the Hazardous Waste Clean-Up Information website, sponsored by the US EPA.
Bench scale evaluation, case studies and dosage guidelines on Calcium Polysulfide specifically for the remediation of hexavalent chromium can be found in the Chromium (VI) Handbook, available for purchase at Amazon.com or at Routledge.com.
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REMOTOX® has proven to be effective under various site conditions. In in-situ remediation of soil and groundwater, it has shown to be more stable and persistent than other reductants in subsurface environments.
REMOTOX®, a Calcium Polysulfide Solution, is an ideal reagent for soil and groundwater remediation, due to its effective ability to precipitate highly soluble metals as less soluble, less toxic metal sulfides. This versatile multivalent ion sulfur chemistry has been well studied and successfully used in numerous remediation projects over the past four decades.
