When REMOTOX® is added to the water, it decomposes to form bisulfide, aqueous hydrogen sulfide and other sulfur compounds. Heavy metal ions are typically precipitated as metal sulfides by these breakdown products. While effective treatment can be achieved over a wide pH range of the treatment system, best results are typically obtained within pH 7-10. Good mixing and sufficient contact time will optimize system performance. Dewatering the resulting precipitate can be expedited by employing an ionic flocculant. 

REMOTOX® removes copper, nickel, zinc, chromium, lead, cadmium and other metals typically found in process wastewaters. This product has proven effective even when treating chelated and/or complexed metals. Its unique formulation also removes chromates and dichromates without preliminary reduction of the chromium to the trivalent state; therefore, there is no need for  bisulfite, metabisulfite, sulfur dioxide or sulfuric acid.

Why use REMOTOX?
  • High reactivity with heavy metal ions and extremely low solubility of resulting metal sulfides over a wide pH range, producing lower effluent concentrations.
  • Can break and precipitate chelated and/or complexed heavy metals, typically without pretreatment.
  • Better settling and dewatering aspects of the metal sulfides, resulting in a more compact solid sludge.
  • Dissolved calcium ions form a coagulant aid.
  • REMOTOX® can be adapted to enhance any existing treatment system.

Product Features
  • Relatively inexpensive.
  • Its residues are inert and non-toxic.
  • Not regulated by DOT.
  • NSF approved for drinking water treatment.
  • No need to dissolve prior to use.
  • REMOTOX® does not contain carbonate, dithiocarbamate or its related salts.
  • It has a low crystallization temperature.
  • It has been tested to maintain its effectiveness for a minimum of one year.
  • It provides more stability in acidic medium as compared to other sulfides.
Metal sulfides are much less soluble than metal hydroxides.


Metal hydroxides change solubility with changes in pH. Metal sulfides remain insoluble within a wide pH range.

Solubility of Metal Hydroxides and Sulfides as a Function of pH

(Source: EPA publication, EPA-600/2-82-011C, 1981)

REMOTOX® precipitates heavy metals as metal sulfides. In the case of chromium, REMOTOX® reduces hexavalent chromium to trivalent state which then precipitates as chromium hydroxide in a one-step reaction.

Wastewater Treatment

REMOTOX® is a liquid Calcium Polysulfide Solution consisting of multiple sulfur anions that strongly bond to heavy metals in water.

REMOTOX® is a liquid Calcium Polysulfide Solution consisting of multiple sulfur anions that strongly bond to heavy metals in water.